Renewable Energy from Small & Micro Hydro Projects: Practical Aspects and Case Studies
- Author(s): S R Awasthi and Vishal Pandey
- Size: 180 mm x 240 mm
- Pages: 350
- Binding: Paperback
- Publishing Status: Forthcoming
- Language: English
- ISBN: 9789386530929
- Cover Price:
Rs.550.00 / US $39.00
- Special Price: Rs. 495.00 / US $35.00
Book Details
The book introduces the process of developing hydropower projects in India. It emphasizes on the role of hydroelectric power as a part of water management and also in combating climate change. It discusses at length selection of suitable sites,hydro turbines, electrical systems, transportation, and salient features of dam and reservoir operation. The cost estimation, feasibility studies, promotional policies of the government and other organisations are provided. The book also covers the basics of fluid mechanics along with an overview of the hydropower development in India and the world. Important statistical data of India and the world are also given. It will be a useful guide and reference to students, designers, planners, consultants and field engineers.
Table of Contents
- 2.6.1 Discharge
- 2.6.2 Head
- 2.6.3 Overall Efficiency
- 2.6.4 Power Potential and Energy Estimation
- 3.1.1 Quantum of Civil Work
- 3.1.2 Run-of-River Projects
- 3.1.3 Storage Projects
- 3.1.4 Pumped Storage Power Project
- 3.2.1 Classification of Dams by Structure and Design
- 3.2.2 Special Purpose Dams and Reservoirs
- 3.3.1 River Diversion Tunnel
- 3.3.2 River Diversion Conduits
- 3.3.3 River Diversion Canal
- 3.5.1 Headrace Channel/tunnel
- 3.5.2 De-silting Chamber
- 3.5.3 Surge Tank
- 3.5.4 Intake Gate
- 3.5.5 Penstock Butterfly Valve
- 3.5.6 Penstock
- 3.5.7 Discharge through Power House
- 3.5.8 Tailrace Channel/tunnel
- 3.6.1 Power House Layout
- 3.6.2 Design Considerations for a Power House
- 3.6.3 Structural Design of a Power House
- 4.6.1 Velocity Equation
- 4.6.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
- 4.6.3 Continuity Equation
- 4.6.4 Power Equation
- 4.7.1 Pitot Tube
- 4.7.2 Venturimeter
- 4.7.3 Orifice Meter
- 4.8.1 Dumpy Levels and Theodolite
- 4.8.2 Sighting Meters
- 4.8.3 Water Filled Tube and Pressure Gauge
- 4.8.4 Water Filled Tube and Rod
- 4.8.5 Spirit Level and Plank
- 4.8.6 Maps
- 4.8.7 Altimeters
- 5.2.1.1 Pelton turbine
- 5.2.1.2 Turgo impulse turbine
- 5.2.1.3 Cross flow turbine
- 5.2.2.1 Francis turbine
- 5.2.2.2 Deriaz turbine
- 5.2.2.3 Reversible pump-turbine
- 5.2.3.1 Kaplan turbine
- 5.2.3.2 Propeller turbine
- 5.2.3.3 Semi-Kaplan turbine
- 5.2.3.4 Tubular or S-type turbine
- 5.2.3.5 Bulb turbine
- 5.2.3.6 Straflo turbine
- 6.1.1 Synchronous Generator
- 6.1.2 Induction Generator
- 6.1.3 Vertical Axis Generators
- 6.1.4 Horizontal Axis Generators
- 6.2.1 Static Excitation
- 6.2.2 Brushless Excitation
- 7.1.1 Turbine: Unit Auxiliaries
- 7.1.2 Generator: Unit Auxiliaries
- 7.1.3 Station Auxiliaries
- 7.5.1 Abnormal Conditions
- 7.5.2 Protection to Generating Unit and Transformer
- 7.5.3 Devices used in a Typical Protection System
- 7.6.1 Power Flow to Transformer and Switchyard
- 7.6.2 Commissioning
- 7.6.3 Power Transmission
- 8.1.1 Pre-feasibility Studies
- 8.1.2 Feasibility Studies
- 8.1.3 Detailed Investigations and DPR
- 8.1.4 Project Construction
- 8.3.1 Financial Viability of Project
- 8.3.2 Capital Cost
- 8.3.3 O&M Expenses
- 8.4.1 Tariff Structure
- 8.4.2 Tariff Norms and Electricity Regulatory Commissions
- 8.4.3 Illustration of Tariff Determination
- 8.4.4 Clean Development Mechanism
- 8.5.1 IREDA
- 8.5.2 Banks and other Agencies
- 8.6.1 Business and Investment Risks
- 8.6.2 Risk Mitigation Strategies
- 9.1.1 Flooding and Natural Habitats
- 9.1.2 Loss of Terrestrial Wildlife
- 9.1.3 Hydrological Changes in Downstream and Erosion
- 9.1.4 Fish and Other Aquatic Life
- 9.1.5 Floating Aquatic Vegetation
- 9.1.6 Reservoir Sedimentation
- 9.1.7 Greenhouse Gases
- 9.1.8 Deforestation and Impact on Local Climate
- 9.1.9 Reservoir Induced Earthquakes
- 9.2.1 Access Roads
- 9.2.2 Power Transmission Lines
- 9.3.3 Quarries and Borrow Pits
- 9.3.1 Rehabilitation of Population
- 9.3.2 Deterioration of Water Quality
- 9.3.3 Water Borne Diseases
- 9.3.4 Sudden Release of Water of Dam Failure
- 9.3.5 Loss of Cultural Heritage
Foreword
Preface
1. An Overview of Renewable and Hydropower Development
1.1 CLIMATE UNCERTAINTY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
1.2 HISTORY OF HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT
1.3 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECTS
1.5 GLOBAL SCENARIO OF HYDROPOWER
1.6 INDIAN HYDROPOWER SCENARIO
2. Hydrology and Energy Estimation
2.1 SELECTION OF SITE
2.2 WATER RESOURCE
2.3 HYDROLOGY
2.4 RATING CURVES
2.5 HYDROGRAPH AND FLOW DURATION CURVE
2.6 ENERGY ESTIMATION
3. Civil Structures and Associated Equipments
3.1 HYDROPOWER PROJECTS AND CIVIL WORKS
3.2 DAMS
3.3 DIVERSION STRUCTURES FOR DAM
3.4 RESERVOIRS AND THEIR OPERATION
3.5 WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM
3.6 POWER HOUSE
4. Basics of Fluid Mechanics
4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF FLUIDS
4.2 CHARACTERISTIC OF WATER
4.3 PASCAL’S LAW AND ITS APPLICATIONS
4.4 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
4.5 TYPES OF FLUID FLOW: STREAM LINE AND TURBULENT
4.6 WATER FLOW EQUATIONS
4.7 FLOW MEASUREMENT
4.8 HEAD MEASUREMENT
4.9 CAVITATION IN HYDRO TURBINES
5. Hydro Turbines
5.1 ORIENTATION OF TURBINES
5.2 TURBINES CLASSIFICATION, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
5.2.1 Impulse Turbines: Pelton Family
5.2.2 Reaction Turbines: Francis Family
5.2.3 Reaction Turbines: Kaplan Family
5.2.4 Difference between Impulse and Reaction Turbine
5.2.5 Screw Hydro Turbine
5.3 TURBINE EFFICIENCY
5.4 SELECTION OF HYDRO TURBINES
6. Hydrogenerators and Excitation Systems
6.1 HYDROGENERATORS
6.2 EXCITATION SYSTEMS
7. Power Plant Auxiliaries and Systems
7.1 UNIT AND STATION AUXILIARIES
7.2 GOVERNING SYSTEMS
7.3 INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES
7.4 CONTROLS
7.5 PROTECTION
7.6 COMMISSIONING AND POWER EVACUATION
8. Project Execution and Financial Aspects
8.1 MILESTONES OF A PROJECT EXECUTION
8.2 PROJECT APPROVALS AND TIME CYCLE
8.3 PROJECT COST
8.4 HYDRO ENERGY TARIFF
8.5 PROJECT FINANCING
8.5.3 RE-INVEST
8.6 RISKS AND MITIGATION ISSUES
9. Environmental Aspects of Hydropower Development
9.1 IMPACTS OF RESERVOIR
9.2 IMPACT OF ASSOCIATED CIVIL WORKS
9.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS
9.4 BENEFICIAL IMPACTS
10. Policies for Sustainable Hydropower Development
10.1 SUSTAINABLE POWER DEVELOPMENT
10.2 GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND REGULATORY ASPECTS
10.3 CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
10.4 SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS
Annexure-1 Relevant Standards
Annexure-2 Facts and Figures
Index/About the Author
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