Page 9 - Turning Trash to Treasure: Development of Waste-to-Energy Technologies
P. 9
made up of fine particulates that fall to it is also applied in the steel and lime material. Toxic organic compounds are
the bottom of the incinerator during industry. In thermal plants where only completely destroyed in the flame at
combustion whilst fly ash refers to fine energy recovery takes place, this is higher temperatures of >2000 °C.
particulates in exhaust gases which referred to as co-incineration. In the
must be removed in flue gas treatment. European cement industry, the thermal Biochemical Conversion
These residues need further attention substitution rate of traditional fuels by Existing large waste disposal sites with
and in the case of the hazardous fly ash, waste can reach up to 80% in certain depth or height of more than 5 m and
a secure place for final disposal. facilities (averaged over the year), while having history of organic waste being
the average substitution rate across the disposed, can also be source of energy
Co-Processing European Union (EU) amounts to about in terms of tapping landfill gas (LFG)
As an alternative to conventional 39%. Co-processing in cement plants has for thermal or electrical applications.
incineration with energy and/or heat also become a widespread part of waste The methane in LFG is formed by the
recovery, the non-recyclable, non- management systems in a number of anaerobic digestion of organic matter
degradable organic waste can be developing and emerging countries. in the landfill body which can be seen
pre-processed to be used as alternative Nevertheless, the share of municipal as an over-dimensioned bioreactor. In
fuel in cement kilns. The process for solid waste (MSW) used in co-processing order to reduce GHG emissions from
firing alternative fuel in cement kilns is is still low compared to special waste landfill sites into the atmosphere the
referred to as co-processing. It is the use streams, such as used tires, hazardous capturing of methane gas is essential.
of waste derived materials to replace industrial waste, contaminated soil, This is possible through LFG capture
natural mineral resources (material biomass residues or sludge from however, significant losses occur in
recycling) and/or traditional fossil fuels, wastewater treatment plants. the start-up phase of a landfill site,
such as coal, fuel oil, and natural gas Co-processing in cement kilns has the before the methane capturing system
(energy recovery) in industrial processes. advantage that the clinker reactions at is installed and in operation. When
Co-processing is applied worldwide 1450 °C allow a complete incorporation in operation it is still not possible to
mainly in the cement industry and in of ashes and in particular, the chemical capture all of the gas emitted by the
thermal power plants; in a few cases binding of metals into the clinker landfill. Over 200 LFG collection projects
energy future 15 July–September 2018
the bottom of the incinerator during industry. In thermal plants where only completely destroyed in the flame at
combustion whilst fly ash refers to fine energy recovery takes place, this is higher temperatures of >2000 °C.
particulates in exhaust gases which referred to as co-incineration. In the
must be removed in flue gas treatment. European cement industry, the thermal Biochemical Conversion
These residues need further attention substitution rate of traditional fuels by Existing large waste disposal sites with
and in the case of the hazardous fly ash, waste can reach up to 80% in certain depth or height of more than 5 m and
a secure place for final disposal. facilities (averaged over the year), while having history of organic waste being
the average substitution rate across the disposed, can also be source of energy
Co-Processing European Union (EU) amounts to about in terms of tapping landfill gas (LFG)
As an alternative to conventional 39%. Co-processing in cement plants has for thermal or electrical applications.
incineration with energy and/or heat also become a widespread part of waste The methane in LFG is formed by the
recovery, the non-recyclable, non- management systems in a number of anaerobic digestion of organic matter
degradable organic waste can be developing and emerging countries. in the landfill body which can be seen
pre-processed to be used as alternative Nevertheless, the share of municipal as an over-dimensioned bioreactor. In
fuel in cement kilns. The process for solid waste (MSW) used in co-processing order to reduce GHG emissions from
firing alternative fuel in cement kilns is is still low compared to special waste landfill sites into the atmosphere the
referred to as co-processing. It is the use streams, such as used tires, hazardous capturing of methane gas is essential.
of waste derived materials to replace industrial waste, contaminated soil, This is possible through LFG capture
natural mineral resources (material biomass residues or sludge from however, significant losses occur in
recycling) and/or traditional fossil fuels, wastewater treatment plants. the start-up phase of a landfill site,
such as coal, fuel oil, and natural gas Co-processing in cement kilns has the before the methane capturing system
(energy recovery) in industrial processes. advantage that the clinker reactions at is installed and in operation. When
Co-processing is applied worldwide 1450 °C allow a complete incorporation in operation it is still not possible to
mainly in the cement industry and in of ashes and in particular, the chemical capture all of the gas emitted by the
thermal power plants; in a few cases binding of metals into the clinker landfill. Over 200 LFG collection projects
energy future 15 July–September 2018
